What are the True Sources of The Constitution of India ?

There are 448 Articles in our Indian constitution But when you see the last Article of our constitution,  it is Article no. 395, How is this possible?

Before answering this question, Its important to understand the present structure of our Indian Constitution

26 November 1949 was the date when our constitution was fully made and ready. That time there were total 395 Articles, 22 Parts and 8 Schedules.

But Since 1949, Total 104 new amendments are introduced in our Constitution till present

So after all this changes, now our Constitution consists of 448 ARTICLES, 25 PARTS and 12 SCHEDULES

To maintain the original numbering of the Articles present in our constitution, Whenever any new Amendment or any laws are introduced, They are introduced in Alphabetic manner

For example we look 86th Amendment, this act has given us a new fundamental right-Right to Education, and this act was introduced in our constitution as article 21A. so that's why, after having so many amendments the last article of our constitution is Article 395.

Now what are the Parts and Schedules in our constitution, lets understand this also-

The Articles present in our constitution are made up of  topic wise specifically/. If you see from Article 12 to Article 35, it tells all about our fundamental rights. This specific topic wise arrangement is known as Parts

Like PART 3 describes about Fundamental Rights, PART 4 describes about  Directive Principles of State Policy. Like this only each Part states about specific Articles

Next is SCHEDULES,  These are the provisions which are given in the Articles, All the Additional Details and the Lists are introduced as Schedules.

Like SCHEDULE 1  Tells about the names of all States and Union Territories

SCHEDULE 2 describes about the Salary and SCHEDULE 8 tells that which languages are the official languages.

The question must come in your mind that like we included the Articles in to the Constitution, why we hadn't introduced Schedule in the Constitution?

Its Because already our Constitution was so lengthy, if we would add more Schedule then it could have become more complicated. 

That's why for the simplicity, Constitution has been divided in Articles, Parts and Schedules.

In our Indian Constitution till now 125 amendments are proposed and from that 104 amendments act are passed.

The very latest amendment act is 104rd Amendment Act which was passed in January 2019 Which talks about Reservation of Seats for SC & ST for another 10 years.

It was needed because the reservation policy which was adopted before was going to expire this year. so There was a need to Extend it for another 10 years till year 2030

Now lets go to  1946-47

When the Constituent Assembly of India began to make our constitution for the first time. At that time we mainly relied on following 11 sources for making our constitution

Along with this we will see that which important features we have inserted from these sources:

1. The Government of India Act of 1935,

The Constitution of Independent India came to force in 26 January 1950. But before this In British India The law of The Land was The Government of India Act 1935, That's why, when we were making our Constitution the act of 1935 was the best preference and source.

We have took three important features from this act that are Emergency Provisions, Public Service Commission and System of Judiciary

Means the Structure of Supreme Court, High Court and Subordinate Court was also taken from here only

Along with this Federal Scheme of government and Office of Governer is taken from here only

2. The US Constitution

From here the most important thing we took was the Fundamental Rights and judicial review

In government of India Act there were no provisions regarding Fundamental rights and fundamental duties So from 1950 only Indians have got their fundamental rights

 Judicial Review which we adopted ensured that there should be no law that violates the Fundamental rights.

Apart from this the removal procedure of  President which is called as Impeachment and the removal procedure of the judges of Supreme Court and High Court is also taken from US constitution.

also Preamble of our Constitution and Independence of Judiciary is also taken from US constitution

3. British Constitution

from here we have taken very core and important features of Constitution like Writs, Right to Constitutional Remedies, the provision is given [Article 32 & 226]

Parliamentary Form of government, single citizenship, Parliamentary privileges and Rule of Law are also from British Constitution

Rule of Law states that, in any country government is not the Supreme only Law and constitution are supreme

4. Irish Constitution

From here the important thing we have taken is Directive Principles of State Policy found in Part VI Article 36-51,

It is like a guide line about how to run a state government and what policies and laws should be made for a state. Along with this we have taken Method of Election of the president (Article 55) And Members nomination to the Rajya Sabha by the President (Part V Article 80)

5. The Constitution of Germany (WEIMAR)

The important thing taken from here is Suspension of Fundamental Rights during Emergency Article 356

6. South African Constitution 

From here we have taken Amendment of the Constitution Part XX  Article 368 Election of members of the Rajya Sabha.

7. The Constitution of SOVIET UNION (USSR)

From here we have taken Fundamental duties Part IV A Article 51A, which is like a moral obligations on citizens and for patriotism. Along with this we have taken The ideals of justice (social, economic and political), expressed in the Preamble.

8. Constitution of CANADA ,

You will see there are two governments in India one is Central Government and other is State Government But Central Government has more powers, Its because Federalism which is taken from Canada

Next we have taken is Advisory jurisdiction of the supreme court (Article 143)

Centre appoints the Governors of the states (Art.155, 157), Residuary powers vest with the Centre (Article 248) and Entry 97 of the Union List

9. Constitution of Australia 

From where we have taken  Concurrent List which is in Seventh Schedule, Freedom of trade and commerce (Part XIII, Article 301- 307) and Joint sitting of the two Houses of Parliament (Article 108)

10. France Constitution

Ideas of liberty, equality, fraternity and republic is taken from french Constitution.

These all 4 important words you will get in our Preamble

10.  Japanese Constitution

 From here we have taken Procedure established by law. A key feature of the Constitution of India

Crux of New Education Policy 2020

New National Education Policy 2020 has finally been approved by the Cabinet. which provides for major reforms in higher education, Increased focus on non- academic skills. From School Education to Higher Education, the NEP envisions to provide a new structure to the education sector of the country.  It will provide several structural changes in the early as well as the higher education system, has been developed after consultations for nearly five years with stakeholders and the general public. The new policy aims to achieve 100% youth and adult literacy in India.

NEP 2020: School Education key Highlights-

1. Early Childhood Care & Education: The 10+2 structure of school curricula is to be replaced by a 5+3+3+4 curricular structure corresponding to ages 3-8, 8-11, 11-14, and 14-18 years respectively. This will bring the uncovered age group of 3-6 years under school curriculum, which has been recognised globally as the crucial stage for the development of mental faculties of a child.   

2. Attaining Foundational Literacy and Numeracy: A National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy will be set up by the MHRD. States will prepare an implementation plan for attaining universal foundational literacy and numeracy in all primary schools for all learners by grade 3 by 2025. 

3. Reforms in School Curricula and Pedagogy:  Students will have increased flexibility and choice of subjects. There will be no rigid separations between arts and sciences, between curricular and extra-curricular activities, between vocational and academic streams.

4. Multilingualism and the Power of Language: The NEP 2020 advocates for mother tongue/local language/regional language as the medium of instruction at least till Grade 5, but preferably till Grade 8 and beyond.

5. Assessment Reforms:  shift from summative assessment to a more competency-based regular assessment which tests analysis, critical thinking and conceptual clarity. boards for class 10 and 12 can be conducted 2 times in a year

6. Equitable and Inclusive Education:Children with disabilities will be enabled to fully participate in the regular schooling process from the foundational stage to higher education, with support of educators with cross-disability training, resource centres 

Highlights for Higher Education:

1. Increase GER to 50% by 2035: NEP 2020 aims to increase the Gross Enrolment Ratio in higher education including vocational education from 26.3 per cent (2018) to 50 per cent by 2035 .

2. Holistic Multidisciplinary Education: Introduction of vocational education and multiple entry and exit points with appropriate certification. UG education can be of 3 or 4 years with multiple exit options and appropriate certification within this period. For example, certificate after 1 year, advanced diploma after 2 years, Bachelor’s degree after 3 years and Bachelor’s with research after 4 years.

An Academic Bank of Credit is to be established for digitally storing academic credits earned from different institutes so that these can be transferred and counted towards final degree earned. 

3. Regulation: Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) will be set up as a single overarching umbrella body the for entire higher education, excluding medical and legal education.   

4. Financial support for students: Efforts will be made to incentivise the merit of students belonging to SC, ST, OBC, and other SEDGs. The National Scholarship Portal will be expanded to support, foster, and track the progress of students receiving scholarships. 

5. Online and Digital Education: A dedicated unit for the building of digital infrastructure, digital content and capacity building will be created in the MHRD to look after the e-education needs of both school and higher education.

6. Technology in Education: An autonomous body, the National Educational Technology Forum (NETF), will be created to provide a platform for the free exchange of ideas on the use of technology to enhance learning

Anti-Defection Law: Is it time for Reconsideration?

For a very long time, the Indian political system was impacted by political defections by members of the legislature. This situation brought about greater instability and chaos in the political system.

Thus, in 1985, to curb the evil of political defections, the 52nd constitution amendment act on anti-defection was passed and the 10th Schedule was added in the Indian Constitution.

However, the recent examples of defection in the Rajasthan Assembly show that the law needs a relook in order to plug the loopholes and achieve a balance between the rights of legislators and interests of legislative stability.

Issues Associated With the Defection

Subversion of electoral mandates: Defection is the subversion of electoral mandates by legislators who get elected on the ticket of one party but then find it convenient to shift to another, due to the lure of ministerial berths or financial gains.

Affects the normal functioning of government: The infamous “Aaya Ram, Gaya Ram” slogan was coined against the background of continuous defections by the legislators in the 1960s. The defection leads to instability in the government and affects the administration.

Promote horse-trading: Defection also promotes horse-trading of legislators which clearly go against the mandate of a democratic setup.

Role of 91st Constitution Amendment Act-2003

• It aimed at limiting the size of the Council of Ministers to debar defectors from holding public offices, and to strengthen the anti-defection law.
• Earlier, a defection by one-third of the elected members of a political party was considered a ‘merger’. The amendment changed it to at least two-thirds.

Challenges of Anti-Defection Law

1. Against the true spirit of representative democracy: The anti-defection law seeks to provide a stable government by ensuring the legislators do not switch sides.

• However, this law also enforces a restriction on legislators from voting in line with their conscience, judgement and interests of his electorate.

      2. Impedes legislative control on government: The anti-defection law impedes the oversight function of the legislature over the government, by ensuring that members vote based on the decisions taken by the party leadership.

• In short, if legislators are not able to vote on laws independently, they would not act as an effective check on the government.
• The Anti-Defection Law, in effect, dilutes the separation of powers between the Executive and the Legislature – and centralizes power in the hands of the executives.

      3. Role of presiding officer of the house: The law lays down that legislators may be disqualified on grounds of defection by the Presiding Officer of a legislature based on a petition by any other member of the House.

• However, there are many instances when presiding officers play a part with the vested interests of a political party/government in power.
• Also, the law does not specify a time period for the Presiding Officer to decide on a disqualification plea.
• The decision thus is sometimes based on the whims and fancies of the presiding officer.

      3. Affects the debate and discussion: The Anti-Defection Law has created a democracy of parties and numbers in India, rather than a democracy of debate and discussion.

• In this way, it does not make a differentiation between dissent and defection and weaken the Parliamentary deliberations on any law.

Steps To Be Taken

   1. Rational use of the anti-defection law: Several experts have suggested that the law should be valid only for those votes that determine the stability of the government. e.g. passage of the annual budget or no-confidence motions.

   2. Advice of Election Commission: Various commissions including National Commission to review the working of the constitution (NCRWC) have recommended that rather than the Presiding Officer, the decision to disqualify a member should be made by the President (in case of MPs) or the Governor (in case of MLAs) on the advice of the Election Commission.

   3. Independent authority to deal with disqualification: Justice Verma in Hollohan judgment said that tenure of the Speaker is dependent on the continuous support of the majority in the House and therefore, he does not satisfy the requirement of such independent adjudicatory authority.

• Also, his choice as the sole arbiter in the matter violates an essential attribute of the basic feature.
• Thus, the need for an independent authority to deal with the cases of defection.

   4. Promoting the principle of intra-party democracy: 170th Law Commission report underscored the importance of intra-party democracy by arguing that a political party cannot be a dictatorship internally and democratic in its functioning outside.

• Thus, the parties should listen to the opinions of the members and have discussions on the same. This would give the freedom of speech and expression to its members and promote inner-party democracy.

Conclusion:

Though due to anti-defection law, political instability caused by the frequent and unholy change of allegiance on the part of the legislators of our country has been contained to a very great extent, yet there is a need for a more rationalised version of anti-defection laws which will help establish a truly representative democracy.

Why is Assam in News every year for Floods?

The recent flood in Assam has led to heavy casualties, displacement of peoples and animals and destruction of property and environment.

It has also led to inundation of 80% of the area of Kaziranga National Park.

Reason behind Floods:

1. Ill-maintained or poorly constructed river embankments are the main reason behind the flooding.

• One major feature of flood management in Assam is total dependence on embankments.
• Assam began constructing embankments in the 1960s and most of them have outlived their utility. Many of these started breaching or collapsing from the 1990s, more seriously from the 2000s.

2. Massive deforestation in catchment areas of rivers or release of waters by dams upstream.

3. Climate change is also a factor behind floods.

Floods in Kaziranga’s Ecosystem:

1. Experts believe that floods are necessary for Kaziranga by virtue of its riverine ecosystem. The system won’t survive without water.

• Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve (KNPTR) is sandwiched between the Brahmaputra river and the Karbi Anglong Hills. The entire area is formed by alluvial deposits from the Brahmaputra and its tributaries.

2. The regenerative nature of floods helps replenish Kaziranga’s water bodies and maintain its landscape, which is a mix of wetlands, grasslands and semi-evergreen deciduous forests.

3. The floodwaters function as a breeding ground for fish, which are carried away by the receding waters into the Brahmaputra. i.e the Kaziranga’s floods replenishes the Brahmaputra’s stock of fish.

4. The waters also help get rid of unwanted plants such as water hyacinth which collect in huge masses in the landscape.

Issues Involved:

1. Frequent Floods: Earlier, a big flood would come once in ten years, now they come every other year.

2. NH-37: When the flood water hits a certain level, the animal moves towards safer, higher ground in the Karbi Anglong hills. However, they have to cross NH-37 which cuts across the park, which leads to the killing of animals in road accidents.

3. Animals are also killed by poachers who take advantage of their vulnerability.

4. Human-animal Conflict: Animals also move towards villages in floods, this leads to human-animal conflict.

Steps taken during Floods:

1. The authorities keep a track of updates from the Central Water Commission, and monitor water levels of the Brahmaputra tributaries upstream in Arunachal Pradesh.

2. Camps are organised to create awareness against poaching and harming wild animals that are rendered vulnerable during the floods.”

3. When the floods hit, Section 144 of CrPC is imposed along NH-37, speed limits are enforced and fines levied. Barricades are also placed to help animals cross over to Karbi Anglong.

Way Forward

1. In the absence of long-term alternatives, the government has to invest in strong, durable embankments to ensure that the situation does not deteriorate every year.

2. Kaziranga, with its rich grassland habitats, has a primary role to play in supporting the wildlife populations.

3. Emphasis needs to be put on securing animal corridors and ensuring a safe passage to the Karbi hills.

4. Need for a landscape-scale conservation approach that recognises the value of the Karbi Anglong hills.

• The highlands of Karbi Anglong, where the animals take refuge, are the lifeline of the park during the floods.

Imprisonment, or a Demotion to a life of an animal ?

PRISON REFORMS: A RAY OF HOPE IN DARKNESS

“It is not the prisoners that need reformation. It is the prisons.”

                                                                                            ― Oscar Wilde”

1.     INTRODUCTION

The world celebrates Prisoners Justice Day on Aug. 10 to give message that even life of a prisoner matters & deserves justice in every form, But the reality is very different by what we see from outside world. These prisoners have nothing to celebrate. Conditions in which they are living is inhuman. Here in India, Prison is a state subject and every state have liberty & freedom to make changes in the law. They can make laws on their own and implement them, so sometimes it leads us to more complex situations. It’s very difficult in country like India to look in issues of prison reforms. The one who are making laws in our country are usually interested in the issue of the class which is voting, which results in total ignorance of problems of the prisoners as their right to vote is also taken away with their freedom as they enter jail.

All men are born equal and are endowed by their creator with some basic rights. These rights are mainly right to life and liberty, but if any person doesn't comply with ethics of the society then that person is deprived of these rights with proper punishment. human rights advocates say the state of Indian prisons needs to come into focus again. Most Indian jails fail to meet the minimum United Nations standards for such facilities, including inadequate amounts of food, poor nutrition, and unsanitary conditions.

 

2.     BACKGROUND

The object of punishment during Hindu and Mughal period in India was to deter offenders from repeating crime. The prisoners were ill-treated, tortured and subjected to most inhuman treatment. They were kept under strict control and supervision.

During British rule, they introduced radical changes in the existing prison system. Adequate steps were also taken to eradicate corruption among the prisons staff. Conditions of Prisoners were harsher than animals in India and prisoners were treated with hatred.

There was no uniform civil code to give punishments. But in year 1835, some major refofrmation arose. The second enquiry committee in 1862 expressed concern for the unhygienic conditions in jails, it emphasized the need for proper food and clothing for the prison inmates and medical treatment of ailing prisoners.

 International framework:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

Article 10 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights provides that any person deprived of their liberty shall be treated with humanity and dignity. The article imposes a requirement of separation of prisoners in pre-trial detention from those already convicted of crimes, as well as a specific obligation to separate accused juvenile prisoners from adults and bring them before trial speedily. The article complements article 7 of the Covenant, which bans torture or other cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment, by guaranteeing those deprived of their liberty with the same conditions as that set for free persons

UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners

The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners came into force in 1955. The standards set out by the UN are not legally binding but offer guidelines in international and municipal law with respect to any person held in any form of custody. They are generally regarded as being good principle and practice for the management of custodial facilities. It sets out guidelines for prisoners under sentence which further includes treatment, classification and individualization, privileges, work, educations and recreations, and social relations and after-care.

b.     Legislation in India

The Prisons Act, 1894 is the only consolidated framework with regards to jail management and administration which operates across all parts of India. This is an antediluvian act which operates without any amends to it. This act, however, failed to resolve certain issues. The loopholes in the act were subsequently addressed in the report of the Indian Jail Committee 1919-1920 pertaining to the rehabilitation and reformation of offenders, which were recognized to be as the key objective of prison administrator.

 Other The important statutes of the Prison laws in India are as follows –

·       The Prisons Act, 1894

·       The Prisons Act, 1900

·       The Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920

·       The Transfer of Prisoners Act, 1950

·       The Representation of People Act, 1951

·       The Prisoners (Attendance in courts) Act, 1955

·       The Probation of Offenders Act, 1958

·       The Mental Health Act, 1987

·       The Juvenile Justice (care & Protection) Act, 2000

·       The Repatriation of Prisoners Act, 2003

·       Model Prison Manual, 2016

 

PROOF OF THE CLAIM

According to the Prison Statistics India 2015 report by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), India’s prisons are overcrowded with an occupancy ratio of 14% more than the capacity. More than two-thirds of the inmates are undertrials. Chhattisgarh and Delhi are among the top three in the list with an occupancy ratio of more than double the capacity. The prisons are overcrowded by 77.9% in Meghalaya, by 68.8% in Uttar Pradesh and by 39.8% in Madhya Pradesh. In absolute numbers, UP had the highest number of undertrials (62,669), followed by Bihar (23,424) and Maharashtra (21,667). In Bihar, 82% of prisoners were undertrials, the highest among states.

Here in India, Prisons have very serious health implications. There are some prisoners who are suffering from various diseases before entering to the prison or they get effected after coming in the prison. Hence there is no healthy atmosphere in the prison. It is overcrowded, there is no fresh air, absence of proper and nutritious food etc. Imprisonment disrupts relationships and weakens social cohesion, since the maintenance of such cohesion is based on long-term relationships. The size of the pre-trial prisoners is higher than that of the convicted prisoner. Pre-trial detention period is the most open period for the abuse of criminal justice process. Although pre-trial detainees should be presumed innocent until found guilty by a court of law, and treated as such, conditions in pre-trial detention are often much worse than those of prisons for convicted prisoners. Recently Supreme Court panel recommends several prison reforms that free calls should be allowed to their families, modern cooking technique should be implemented and video conferencing should be used in trials.

The Supreme Court, in its landmark decision in Ramamurthy v. State of Karnataka (1997)

 identified nine major problems which needed immediate attention for implementing prison reforms:

·       Overcrowding

·       Delay in trial

·       Torture and ill treatment

·       Neglect of health and hygiene

·       Insufficient food and inadequate clothing

·       Deficiency in communication

·       Management of open prisons

Few more important cases are:

Charles Sobaraj v. Supdt Central Jail Tihar

The Hon’ble Supreme Court held that imprisonment does not spell farewell to fundamental rights although by a realistic re-appraisal, courts will refuse to recognize the full panoply of rights enjoyed by the free citizens.

 State of Andhra Pradesh v. ChallaRamkrishna Reddy

The Supreme Court held that right to life is one of the basic human rights, guaranteed to every person by Article 21 and not even the State has authority to violate it. A prisoner does not cease to be a human being even when lodged in jail; he continues to enjoy all his fundamental rights including the right to life

 CONCLUSION

 

Prison system has granted a mission to reform the convicts and take them back to the society. An ideal prison must provide adequate work, vocational training, and basic educational facilities as well as medical and recreational facilities. In India, prison reforms did not emerge out of the social movement but were necessarily an outcome of the worst conditions of treatment faced by the political sufferers in prisons during the period of their imprisonment. The India Judiciary has played a vital role for the improvement of the Prison system in the past and hopefully would help in future also. Recently a good news came where many jails including Tihar of Delhi released thousands of prisoners due to concern of spread of virus in old aged prisoners in jail. It can be said that it is just the beginning of a long journey as well as a small step towards better prison system

In conclusion it must not be overlooked that the issue of prison administration and reformation of prisoners is just a piece of the bigger picture of social recovery. The jail organization alone can’t effectively reform the prisoners. It can just try its modest endeavors to set right the prisoners; however, endeavors will succeed only when our economics, education, social institution and values are appropriately coordinated into a cogent and congenial whole in view of the learning of the human establishment.

                                                               

                                                              

BIBLIOGRAPHY

             https://thewire.in/uncategorised/india-prison-conditions

        https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/03/31/whats-india-doing-to-keep-its-prisoners-safe-from-coronavirus

             https://blog.ipleaders.in/legal-backdrop-prison-reforms/

        https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-panel-recommends-several-prison/reforms/article30746675.ece

             http://www.legalserviceindia.com/article/l174-Prison-Reforms-In-Indian-Prison-System.html

             https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/149011/15/15_chapter%207.pdf

             http://www.penacclaims.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Rishabh-Bhargava.pdf

            https://www.prisonsforum.in/files/Landmark%20Judgements%20About%20Prisoners'%20Rights%20and%20Prison%20Reforms.pdf    

            https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoners%27_rights_in_international_law

       Ramamurthy v. State of Karnataka (1997) 2 SCC 642

           Charles Sobaraj v. Supdt Central Jail Tihar, AIR 1978 SC 1514

           State of Andhra Pradesh v. ChallaRamkrishna Reddy, AIR 2000 SC 2083

       The Constitution of India,1950

Hey Future Generation, We're Sorry

GLOBAL ISSUES WE OVERLOOK
  

From here i will write to  rest of the world
Sorry, we left you with our mess of a planet. 

Sorry that we were too caught up in our own  doings to do something

Sorry, we listened to people who made excuses
We just didn't realize how special the Earth was like a marriage gone wrong We didn't know what we had until it was gone..
Well believe it or not it was once called the Amazon rain forest and there were billions of  trees and animals inhabitant there . . . All of them gorgeous and oh , I'm guessing you know it as the Amazon desert, right?

You don't know much about trees. Do you?

Well, let me tell you trees are amazing. I mean we literally breathe the air They are creating they clean up our pollution or carbon, Medicine that cures our diseases , food that feeds us which is why I'm so sorry
to tell you that we burnt them down, Cut them down with brutal machines horrific at a rate for building up concrete jungle.

What brings me great sorrow is that most of us today don't even care about tomorrow?
I'm sorry that we put profit above people greet above need the rule of gold above the Golden Rule.
I'm sorry we use nature as a credit card with no spending limit over
Sorry, we poison the ocean so much that you can't even swim in them
Drafting animals to extinction stealing your chance to ever see their uniqueness or become friends with them.
Hey media ,if you don't think climate change is a threat. I dare you to interview the thousands of homeless people in Bangladesh , But most of all I'm sorry about our mindset because we had the nerve to cause this destruction expand.

Well, I urge you to talk to the kids of beijing who are forced to wear pollution. Masks just to go to school
but need their feet due to rising sea levels and Sarah Palin, you said that you love the smell of fossil fuels
So you can ignore this but the thing about truth is it can be denied, not avoided.
Greta thunberg  was a example all over the world to represent the group of people talking about environment and pollution.
People who were very inspired then where are you guys ? Thats not your real concern. Its just you are trying To be seen as intellect. Who is sensible enough to think about environmentalist.
I'm sorry future generations. I'm sorry that our footprint became a sinkhole and not a garden.

I'm sorry, we doomed you!!

This future I do not accept it because an error does not become a mistake until you refuse to correct it.
Foundation of this generation it is up to us to take care of this planet. It is our only home
We must look at the root and not to the branches of government and not to the politicians run by corporations, we are the root that we must globally warm our hearts and change the climate of our souls and Realize that we are not apart from Nature.

Today, we live in a world where destroying trees?

We are a part of nature and to betray nature is to betray us the save nature is to save us.

Whatever you're fighting for racism or poverty, feminism ,gay rights or any type of equality it won't matter in the least Because if we don't all work together to save the environment we all will have suffer its consequences.

Making you a part of the solution and not the problem.
One way to directly fight the destruction is to stand for trees by standing for trees ,Not only can you save the lives of trees but also help forest communities and protect the rights of animals to live in their homes.

isnt it???
This is the option that I chose but whatever way that you choose to stand for trees do it because a wise man once said "When the rivers are all dried up and the trees have been cut down ,Man will then realize that he will not be able to eat"

                                 

                                   

So my message to everybody is that please do your part and think about the consequences that can happen in near future, lets join hands and promise to ourselves that we will do our best that we can for this mother nature.

Earth is our home, we have to preserve it , not be part in its destruction.

COVID-19 Treatment: Medicines & Home remedy for treating Coronavirus patient

Covid-19 is a new disease and there is no drug or vaccine for it as of now and the patients are being given medicines that were approved for treating other viral infections. At least five medicines have either been given a go-ahead from the government to treat coronavirus infected patients in India or are in the final stages of the trial being carried out. India has also been using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial drug, for treating Covid patients. Coronavirus positive cases in India are increasing at an alarming rate. With the highest single-day spike of 16,922 cases on Thursday, India's Covid-19 count reached 10,29,000. It is the third worst affected country, only behind USA & BrazilThe treatment protocols for coronavirus are being revised from time to time based on emerging evidences. 

Here are the drugs, treatment presently available for coronavirus (Covid-19) and what we so far know about them:

1) Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)

It was first developed in India for the treatment of malaria. Two Indian firms, Ipca Laboratories and Zydus Cadila Ltd, are the world’s largest manufacturers of the drug. The Indian Council of Medical Research has also been using the drug to prevent infection among healthcare workers based on theoretical evidence that hydroxychloroquine does not allow the novel coronavirus, or SARS-COV2, to attach to cells. HCQ was touted as a potential coronavirus treatment by US President Donald Trump and some other global political leaders.

2) Covifor 

The Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) has given approval to Hetero for manufacturing ‘Remdesivir’ for the treatment of Covid-19. Hetero’s generic version of Remdesivir will be marketed under the brand name ‘Covifor’ in India. It has been granted approval by DCGI for the treatment of suspected or laboratory-confirmed cases of Covid-19 in adults and children, hospitalized with severe symptoms of the disease. Covifor (Remdesivir) will be available in 100 mg vial (injectable) which has to be administered intravenously in a hospital setting under the supervision of a healthcare practitioner.

3) Fabiflu

Glenmark Pharmaceuticals has launched antiviral drug Favipiravir, under the brand name FabiFlu, for the treatment of mild to moderate Covid patients. Priced at ₹103 per tablet, the prescription-based drug will be available as a 200 mg tablet at an MRP of ₹3,500 for a strip of 34 tablets.

4) Cipremi

Cipla has launched its own remedesivir under the name of Cipremi. Cipla said it will be commercialising remdesivir through its own facilities and partnered sites. The drug will be supplied through government and open market channels, to ensure equitable distribution. The drug is most effective on those who need oxygen support. Cipla is yet to disclose the pricing for the drug.

5) Methylprednisolone

 Indian doctors have been successfully using Methylprednisolone in handling moderate to severe cases of the disease. It reduces its overall mortality and is a more essential part of the treatment regimen. Also, it reduces the severity of symptoms, doctors claimed. Dexamethasone is supported by a large trial and is a cost-effective drug. It is of the same group as Methylprednisone.

 COVID-19 Herbal remedies:

Using herbs for illness isn’t a novel idea. For thousands of years, herbs like licorice, ginger, and ephedra have been used to treat respiratory infections like the fluTrusted Source and pneumonia.

Ever since the coronavirus pandemic began, talks about immunity and health became a common subject. Experts recommended that with no existing cure or vaccine for the virus, prevention techniques such as social distancing, wearing masks, practicing proper hand and respiratory hygiene, along with trying to stay as healthy as possible were the only ways to beat the virus and avoid getting sick.

This is when Indians turned to the centuries-old wisdom of Ayurveda for boosting their immunity and keeping free of diseases. As the world starts to adopt Ayurvedic practices and Yoga for overall health, and as Ayurveda moves to a global level in the fight against COVID-19 with clinical trials and research

Here are 5 ayurvedic herbs that are close to home and easily available, that you can use to boost immunity and ward off diseases.

1.    Tulsi 

Tulsi is one of the key ingredients used in Ayurvedic medicine. Tulsi, also known as the Holy Basil is popular all around the world for its medicinal properties. You can add tulsi to your kadha for immunity, herbal teas, etc, or can just chew a few leaves on empty stomach. Tulsi is rich in anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties and is known to improve immunity against pathogens, especially those that cause respiratory and throat infections.

2.    Ginger 

Ginger or dry ginger is used as a common ingredient in Ayurveda. Ginger is rich in antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common home remedy for cough and cold in the form of tea, or kadha. It can help boost immunity naturally. However, if you have a lot of body heat, or are the Pitta body type in Ayurveda, you must keep your consumption of ginger under control, especially in the summer.

3.  Turmeric 

 Turmeric is one Ayurvedic ingredient that has made Ayurveda popular all around the world. With the western world adopting to the consumption of turmeric in the form of tablets, indigenously, turmeric is used as a common spice added to foods in India. Golden milk, also known as Haldi Dudh, is often used to treat muscle pains, or even as first aid in case of an injury. Turmeric contains many components that can help fight diseases.

4.  Giloy 

 Giloy is an ayurvedic herb that is also hailed as the “ayurvedic root for immortality”. Giloy is a powerhouse of antioxidants which help in detoxing the body and reducing free radical activity. Giloy is also rich in anti-microbial properties and is used in various ayurvedic treatments. 

5.  Ashwagandha 

Ashwagandha is another Ayurvedic herb that has been used in various treatments. It is good for physical as well as mental health. Ashwagandha can help people with stress, anxiety or insomnia as it helps to calm the mind down. Since sleep plays such an important role in overall health, ashwagandha is an important Ayurvedic herb to keep your body and mind healthy. It is also rich in antioxidants and helps in boosting immunity.